System of storage-battery control.



PATENTED AUG. 18, 1908.

E. WRAY. SYSTEM OF STORAGE BATTERY CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.20,1906.

2 SHEETSSHBET 1.

5 f Y .T, r mMM E m I Y on h H A 0 4 n m W m W A. 8 5 6 D (Z R MM Y EB PATENTED AUG. 18, 1908.

E. WRAY. SYSTEM OF STORAGE BATTERY CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.20,1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a 6 AI 2 5 6 6 6 E w "OIIU I /\|NI x: m MW 6 n. \MMN r z 8 7 6 v \6 6 A E [r EDWARD \A/RAY, By f/yyf/vro @LWM .' it all wmn'a' resident of Janesville, conntyofgltock, and the automatic regulator 22, shown m the State of Wisconsin; ave invented anewan'ddrawingsifora simple illustration. as 'a series useful Inpro'vement in Systemsof Storage ivariabl'e resistance; 3 7 "a controlling device Battery oar-m1, of which the following'is' a for the generator. 2, consistingoiaivariahle specificatibn. I l resistancetiil, contact arm 32,. and.-dash pot g9 My invention pertains to apparatus for the 33,- a latching polarized electromagnet 34s,. control 1 of storagehat "es, "and has asits; a switch 35;4 representsthe load .toxbe' object theprov1sion. :of means iwhereby a carried bythe battery-1 and enera'tor 2,;a'nd

storage battery may belchargedfrom an in is represented'by a group 0 ,lamps;141 is a termittent :or variably '.moving' enerator; switch for'opening the load circuit;'=5; is1.-an'

- "Bhus, withfa' generator on'a car ax e, a storautomatic switch; 6 :is' an integratihgrwath age battery? on the car and ane'lectric li ht' vmeter, having field magnets '61 and 162 and ing, systemoperated from the '.storage-- 'atarmature disk-63r All current from the bat tery.,:my'invent ion would be installed for the tery 1, either chargingor discharging, passes proper operation'of the generator in charging through thearmaturedisk63, discharge curthe storage battery to prevent it from excess rents causing a revolutionof the disk in the ively overcharging the batte direction. of-the arrowshown'thereon, and

, f, To.'accompl1sh the desire -1 esult,'I procharging currents causing a' revolution inthe vide-means whereby the-generator is discon opposite direction, The "field; magnets 61' f nected from the battery during such interand 62 aredoublelwound, havin mainwin vals as would not result in a useful current, ings 64-and 65 ener zed from-t e terminals and is disconnected when the battery reaches of the battery -1 an having" auxiliary'windfullcharge: as 1 indicated by an integrating ings 66 and-67 energized irom, the terminals meter. :.1 provide-irithe integrating'meter of the generator?!" "The currents-through means whereby,"before the final disconnecthe auxiliary windings-66 and 67 oppose in tion of the charging generator, a charge issethe resulting magnetism the field produced cured in any desired excess over the Igecedby the main windings 64 and "65, and thus re ing dis'chargel provide means also w ereby duce the intensity of the integrating watt; the charge of the battery is continued during meters field when the. potential of the genthe periodo'f load without re ard to the ex- 'erator 2 is high, but do not reduce it when e'esscharge given. In provi 'ng for the exthe potential of the generator 2 is nil; A cess' ofehargeover the discharge, I employ variable resistance 68 is associated with the means whereby a desired ratio is established auxiliary windings 66 and 67 ,whereby, the between the t'wo quantities before a balance degree of: field reduction may be adjusted; isshown bythe system, and I show in this Associated with. the armature disk 63'is a descri tion means whereby this ratio may be train of gears 69 terminating in a shaft 70. one o ampere hours to-ampere hours, or one The shaft 70 carries an electrical contact arm H or' watt' honrs towatt hours. j v 71 adapted to make connection with the elec- The field of usefulness of my invention-is trical contact point '72. A fixed stop 73 refound in train or car lighting, and in any vents the arm 71 from makin a comp ete storage battery plant where the action'of the revolution, its travel being near y a complete charging generator is termittent or uncerrevolution, and the connection between 71 tain, as when the generator is drivenfrom' and 72 being made when the arm 71 is stone the axle of a variably moving car, from a limitof its travel. r a v v .7 j wind mill, from an intermittently active 1 lhe switch 5 is an'automatic switch," such shaft, etc. v as is commonly used in the care oi storage Two figures accompany this description, in batteries to cut the charging current on and which 1 a i 1, oil at proper conditions. In the switch fllus- Figure 1 shows the system of my invention trated, it is the function of the switch to with an integrating wattmeter, and Fig. 2 close-when the potential of the generator 2 1s shows the system of 'my invention with an ingreater than the potential of the battery 1 so 11 86 ,128. "s tesaae ga ssesses:..; g saen dia 10,1903; Applicatioh ma n vmbqigo, s&inii6.s4'4,24-z I mag concern:

- Be it known that I,- EDWARD zen of the" United States g 235 .5 charging. v Wr ana'citiofrpolarity .as" marked; associate of America," and a charging'generator 2 are the field ammeter. that a charging current will result; to hold -tegrating In closed during the continuance of the charge Fig;

1.,-1'is a storage battery of pog'eneratord with the coil 21 and well understood in 'erates to close the circuit between conductors 24 and generator 2 through conductors 23 oad 4, conductor 43, main switch 41', conductor 42, winding 36, conductors 37 and 18, switch 35, conductors 19 and 25,- automatic switch 5 and conductor 24. The generator 2, reaching its period of efficiency and being thus connected in circuit, will carry the load 4 ing current; and to open upon cessation of e charging current or upon the reversal of the direction of the current through the switch 5 as would result after cessation of charge. As switches of this description are the art, it is thought unnecessary to illustrate the switch 5 in greater detail than that'shown.

he operation of the system as foland 44,

lows zsuming first that the arm 71 be in and also supply a charging current through connection with the contact oint 72, that elements 2314-151 -11 -12 74 the battery 1 be fully charge and that it is 6375-13-25-5 24 assing throu h the desired to lace the load 4 in circuit. The armature disk 63 inthe irection from rush main switc 41 is closed and the arm 32 is 74 to brush 75, reversing the direction of roalternative or dotted manually thrown to its tation of the shaft 70, causing the arm 71 to return toward the contact point 72. Auxiliaryfield windings 66 and 67 now receive cur 14, conductor 44, load 4 conductor 43 mam rent from generator 2 in amount determined switc 41, conductor 42, wmding 36 conby the adjustment of the variable resistance ductoi 37 conductor 18 switch 35 con- 68 and have reduced the intensity of the ductor 19, conductor 13, field disk 63, brush 74, conductor 12 and conductor 11. By closure of this circuit, current through the winding 36 in direction from conductor 42- to conductor 37 causes the free end of the armature 38 to become positive and this latches the arm 32 in its alternative osition, holding the circuit closed; it will be noted that through the circuit comprising elements 1, 15, 17, 78, 77, 7 2, 71, 76, 1s, 35, 19, 13, 75, 63, 74, 12, 11, the winding 78 would hold the freeend of the gatively magnetized, but that magnetization 1s overpowered by the magnetization resultin from the current throu h the load circuit an winding 36 and the latching of the arm 32 by the armature 38 results. Current thus passes through the armature disk 63 in direction from brush 75 to brush 74, and armature disk 63 is rotated in the of the integrating wattmeter 6 by a able resistance 68. Th meter 6 therefore records the current charging the battery 1 with an automatically apwhereby a predeterof charge over diset us assume at this charge the load is taken off of the system by the opening of the main switch 41, current thus ceasing through winding 36. There is no current through winding 78, due to the open circuit at 7172 and arm 32 is held latched in its alternative position. Upon the completion of full charge, as determined by the integrating wattmeter 6 and its automatically applied corrective factor, the arm 71 makes connection with the contact point 72 and circuit is closed through elements 2- 23 l41778 -77-72-717618- 3519255-24 thus lifting the armature 38 and releasin the arm 32. The spring 39 withdraws t e arm 32, but owing to t e influence of the dash pot 33 this withdrawal is made slowly so that the resistance 31 is cut slowly into the field circuit of the generator 2 and the voltage of the dynamo 2 is reduced practically to nil regardless of the continuance or cessation of the speed of the generator armature.

Assuming that the armature of the genera 2 had been revolving at full speed when the load 4 was placed in circuit, the opera tion of the Through the train of gears 69 the shaft 70 is rotated in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent thereto, and the arm 71 is moved out of connection with the electrical contact point 7 2, its speed of motion bein dependent upon the current flowing through the armathe intensity of the field by the main current from the battery 1, and if the generator 2 be at rest that field intensity is in no way reduced by the presence of the auxiliary and 67. This condition will maintain as long as the generator 2 remains at rest, and the discharge of the battery may be measured by a computation based upon the angular travel of the arm 71.

Assuming now that the generator 2 becomes active, its potential will rise with its speed to approach the potential determined by t e adjustment of the regulating element 22. hen the potential of the generator 2 rises and becomes slightly greater than that of the battery 1, the automatic switch 5 op-- have built up slowly in consequence thereof automatic switch 5 would have b versed in position immediately and at the closing of switch 35 by arm 32 the generator ratio adjustable through means of the varie integrating watt- 25. This results in current from 2 would have taken the load 4 and wopld It-will be seen, therefore, that m system -have suppliegI current to the battery 1 1mof battery contro plossesses the ollowing circuit and a fully charged batterywith con- 1 mediate y. nder the condition of a load,-in points of ment: (1) t protects the battery 1 rom that injurious overcharge so. common tact arm 71 in connection with contact (point in the operation of axle-driven equipments, 7

- 72, the arm 71 is held against the'fixe meresulting from the continuance of the charge chanical stop 7 3, and in electrical contact after the battery is fully charged and when with "the point 7 2;" If under this condition there is no load upon the system to require a the intermittently 'o erating generator 2 further charge from the generator; (2) it inceases'to carry the loa 4 and the potential at sures a more reliable operation of the axle 75 its terminals therefore ,isreduced below that equipment, as the chargee rate ma be adat the terminals of battery 1, current will justed as high as may require for the flow from the battery -1 to carr the load 4, proper charging of the battery, thus insuring and also will flow throu g h thee ements-23. a quick recovery in case of a. complete or 2245'25-13 etc.', thus reversing the nearly complete discharge of the battery; (3) so a direction of current through the automatic it provides for an excess of charge current switch and opening the connection be over discharge current, thus caring for. the' tween conductors and 24 cutting out the inefiiciency of the storage battery; (4) the generato12. Asthis operation hasv reversed elements for control added by me do not the direction of the current-through the archange in any way the equipment or'the 0(pmature disk .63 from charging direction .to eration of the carlighting systems as or discharging direction, the arm 71 moves narily installed and operated u'ntil the bat-, away from the contact point '72 to be reteries have become fully charged, when my stored only by charge upon some later intersystem operates to prevent injury; (5) norval of o eration of the generator 2. mal o eration of-the carlighting system is re- It will be noted-thatwhen arm 32is latched store by the automatic devices when the by armature 38, it may be held latched by lights are turned on; (6) it insures a better winding 36, but .may be unlatchedonly by efficiency of equi ment by operating thegenwinding 78 energized-through contact of 71 erator at full 10a for a short time rather than and 7 2. Ihus though the load 4 may be at part load for a longer time; (7) it provides 5 thrown off and the generator 2 may be inopthat the battery charge be in excess over the erative', the charge of the battery 1 will battery discharge by any desired ratio, thus resumed at the first period of operation of the caring for any degree of efiiciency of the storgenerator 2 and will be continued until arm. age battery; (8) thecharging generator cir- 71 is restored to connection with electrical cuit-is not modified'in my s *stem, and its cirwe contact oint 72. cnit is opened or closed 0 y in'the ordinary Compiiete discharge of the battery is asway, at the automatic switch. sumed to be represented by the are de- Although in some of the claims I have used scribed by arm 71 when it'has passed nearly the term, carlighting system, I do not wish around its periphery and has engaged the to limit myself thereby to the particular 35 fixed stop 73 at the limit of its travel, or by class of service in .which storage batteries are some similar arc. Thus, when the arm 71 is used for carlighting purposes. It is obvious in engagement with the mechanical 'stop 73 that my system is equally well adapted to at the limit of its travel distant from the conisolated power plants Where storage batteries tact point 72, a nominal complete charge of are char ed from any variable intermittent L10 the battery 1 is required to restore 71 to consource 0 power. I wish, therefore, to have nection with 72. my claims thus broadly interpreted.

In Fig. 2 the sole difference from Fig. 1 lies Having thus described my invention, what in the field magnets 61' and 62T hich in Fig. I claim as new and desire to secure by 2 are permanent magnets of that polarity de- United States Letters Patent is: termined by the windings 64 and 65 of Fig 1. 1. In a battery control system, a load ele- As the intensity of the field of the integrating ment; a generator-governing resistance; a

meter 6 is not dependent upon the potential switch arm controllin said generator-govof the battery 1, the integrating meter 6" erning resistance and t e load circuit includceases to be a wattmeter and becomes an 111- ing said load element; a battery; an electrotegrating ammeter. The charge of the batmagnetic latch for said switch arm; and a cirtery is given with the corrective factor de- "cuit including said battery, said load element termined by the windings 66 and 67 as adand a winding in said electromagnetic latch justed by the variable resistance 68, these whereby said switch arm is held locked windings being in Fig.2 the sole windings of throughout the period during which said load the magnetic field andcorresponding to the circuit is closed, substantially as described. auxiliary windings of Fig. 1. The ratio of 2. In a battery controlling system, a mecharge to discharge in Fig. 2 thus is one of ter; an electric contact associated with said ampere hours to ampere hours, whereas in meter; a circuit controlling device having an Fig. 1 it is one of watt-hours to watt hours electromagnetic latch; a source of current;

i electromagnetic: latch whereby w en said 16, through the second winding of said electrotechies:

a circuit including said source of current said ma etic. latch and said load element to neu 1 electric contact andva winding insaid e1ec-' trag c-said first: mentioned circuit .in said troina etic latch, whereby current will flow; latch-Fahd rendering said. electromagnetic throug Tsaidwindingfluponiclosurebf said latchi'ino erativ'e throughout the period of 5 contact; a vload element; and a second cir-' current t ough said load element, substanquitincluding said. source of current said tially as described. v a

load element an'dfia secjond windin in said 5. In a batte controlling system, an integrating meter a a magnetic field and having wlndings in t e magnetic field; a source of current; and a connection'between said source of current and windings in said magnetic'field whereby the intensity of said magnetic field is reduced when said-source 5 of current is activ e,-aaid reduction being'in proportion to the potential of said source of I current, substantially as described.

6. In a battery controlling,system;a storage battery, a generator for charging said 6! storage battery; charge anddischar e circuits for said storage battery, said circuits J5substantia y as described.

4 In a battery controlling system, a metor; an electric contact associated with said "meter; an electromagnetic latch having two windings and'forming apart of a circuit con-' trolling device; a; source of current; a circuit including sa'd' source of current said contact and one'of said windings of said electrosaid charge and dischar e circuits; coils upon the-field magnets 0 said integrating erator to reduce the intensity of-ma etization of said field magnets when said 0 ar ing electromagnetic. latch, whereby said first generator is'chargin said battery; an e ecwin mg. may be rendered moperative v by trical contact on sai integrating meter; and

30' current flowi'ng through said second winding means for stopping the charging current throughout the period during which sai oad circuit is closed, substantially as deisfupon the system, and further means rensc f ed-j I ering said last mentionedimeans inoper- 14.1111. a'battery controllingfsystern, a mea'tivenwhen the load circuit isbeing carried .35 ter; anuelectnc contact assoclated with said by:,the system, substantially as described.

40 flow through said,'-wind1n togoperate said Witnesses:

' meter; an electromagnetic latch;'a' source of Signed by me at New York c eunty of New current; a circuit including said source of York and State of New York; nlthe presence current, ,said contact and a winding in said of two witnesses. I;

- electromagnetic latch whereby current will latch upon closure of-sai contact; a load 1 IRVING FRANKEI i;

element; and a circuit through said electro? I D. S. RITTERBAN 

